Summary of matter in our surrounding

Summary

Matter

Matter is anything which occupies space and has mass. Everything in this universe is made of materials which scientist has named ‘matter’.

Example: Chair, bed, river, tree, building, etc.

Classification of Matter

Early Indian philosophers classified in the form of five basic elements as air, earth, fire, sky and water called Panch Tatva.

Modern day scientists have evolved two types of classification based on their physical properties and chemical nature.

Physical Nature of Matter:-

Matter is made up of particles.

The particles of matter are very tiny.

The particles of matter have space between them.

The particles of matter are continuously moving.

The particles of matter attract each other.

States of matter

Properties of solids

• Solids have definite shapes and fixed volume.
• The space between the particle is minimum.
• The force of attraction between the particles is maximum.
• The movement of the particles is minimum.
• They are incompressible.
• Have high density and can not be diffused

Properties of liquids :-

• Liquids have no definite shape but have fixed volume. Liquids take the shape of the container.
•  The space between the particles is intermediate.
• The force of attraction between the particles is intermediate.
• The movement of the particles is intermediate.
• They are less compressible.
• Their rate of diffusion is more than solids.

Properties of gas

Gases have no definite shape or fixed volume.  Gases occupy the  whole space of the container. The space between the particles is maximum.The force of attraction between the particles is minimum.The movement of the particles is maximum.They are most compressible.

Their rate of diffusion is more than solids and liquids.

Temperature: Common and SI units

  Common unit: Degree Celsius (^oC)

                SI unit: Kelvin (K) Relation between common unit and SI unit of temperature:

                                    0⁰C = 273K

Change of state

                Physical states of matter can be interconverted into each other by following two ways:

1. By changing the temperature

2. By changing the pressure

Effect of Change of Temperature

Solid to liquid